THE FRIENDSHIP VALUES BETWEEN THE MAIN CHARACTERS AS REFLECTED IN KATHERINE PATERSON’S BRIDGE TO TERABITHIA: A PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY

This research entitled "The Friendship Values between the Main Characters as Reflected in Katherine Paterson’s Bridge to Terabithia: A Psychological Study". This research was intended to find out the friendship values among the main characters of the novel Bridge To Terabithia written by Katherine Paterson. The type of this research was library research, which consists of primary data and secondary data. The primary data of this research were the novel entitled Bridge To Terabithia written by Katherine Paterson, while the secondary data are taken from other sources such as books, journals, articles that are related to the topic, and the internet sources to complete the data. The subject of this research was the novel Bridge To Terabithia, while the object of this research focused on the friendship values between the main characters for life in Katherine Paterson’s Bridge To Terabithia. The methods used in this research were critical reading and documentation. Collecting the data, he does some steps such as reading the novel precisely and intensively, making notes, visiting the library, and exploring the data from the internet which were related to the topic. The researcher found the friendship values of the main characters were caring for others, being helpful, giving respect, giving hope, joys, and inspiring to others.

The friendship is shown in the following quotation: "After school, Leslie got on the bus before he did and went straight to the corner of the long back seatright to the seventh graders' seat. He jerked his head at her to warn her to come farther upfront, but she would not even look at him. He could see the seventh graders headed for the busthe huge bossy bosomy girls and the mean, skinny, narrow-eyed boys. They'd kill her for sitting in their territory. He jumped up and ran to the back and grabbed Leslie by the arm. "You gotta come up to your regular seat, Leslie." (Paterson, 2001: 39) The quotation from the novel above is taken when Leslie Burke got something dangerous because she sat on bossy girls. He took care for Leslie Burke.

In another occasion, Jess
Aarons also had shown his caring to her. See the following quotation: "Lord, Leslie. Don't say that. You can always watch on mine. But it was too late to save her. The hissing sounds of disbelief were already building into a rumbling of contempt.
Mrs. Myers blinked her eyes. "Well. Well." She blinked some more. You could tell she was trying to figure out how to save Leslie, too. "Well. In that case, one could write a onepage composition on something else. Couldn't one, Leslie?" She tried to smile across the classroom upheaval to Leslie, but it was no use. "Class! Class! Class!" Her Leslie smile shifted suddenly and ominously into a scowl that silenced the storm." (Paterson, 2001: 37- wrestled, Leslie disappeared. It was none of his business, really, but he threw Greg down the hill as hard as he could and yelled to no one in particular, "Gotta go." "They'd kill her for sitting in their territory. He jumped up and ran to the back and grabbed Leslie by the arm. "You gotta come up to your regular seat, Leslie." (Paterson, 2001: 38-39) From the quotation above, the researcher finds, Jess Aarons gave his helping to Leslie Burke. He wanted to keep her from the dangerous thing by his arm.
Helpful also can be looked at the following quotation: "Come on," she said. "Let's find a place to build our castle stronghold." They had gone only a few yards into the woods beyond the creek bed when Leslie stopped.
"How about right here?" she asked. "Sure," Jess agreed quickly, relieved that there was no need to plunge deeper into the woods. He would take her there, of course, for he wasn't such a coward that he would mind a little exploring now and then farther in amongst the everdarkening columns of the tall pines. But as a regular thing, as a permanent place, this was where he would choose to behere where the dogwood and redwood played hide and seek between the oaks and evergreens, and the sun flung itself in golden streams through the trees to splash warmly at their feet. "Sure," he repeated himself, nodding vigorously." (Paterson, 2001:  "Jess had finished all the picking and helped his mother can the beans. She never canned except when it was scalding hot anyhow, and all the boiling turned the kitchen into some kind of hellhole. Of course, her temper had been terrible, and she had screamed at Jess all afternoon and was now too tired to fix any supper." "Jess made peanutbutter sandwiches for the little girls and himself, and because the kitchen was still hot and almost nauseatingly full of bean smell, the three of them went outside to eat." (Paterson, 2001: 10) From the dialogue above, it can be seen that Leslie Burke was not only helping her friend, but she also gave her helping hand to her family. Every day, she did the kitchen work for his mother for as example; she could do for the beans, made peanut-butter sandwiches for the little girls and herself.

Giving respect to others
In certain ways, respect manifests itself as a kind of ethic or principle, such as in the commonly taught concept of respect for others or reciprocity. It is described in the following quotation: "She took note of Leslie and asked for an introduction, which one of the girls prissily gave. Then she smiled at Leslie, and Leslie smiled back the first time Jess could remember seeing Leslie smile since she won the race on Tuesday. "What do you like to sing, Leslie?" (Paterson, 2001: 32) The quotation above described Leslie Burke's happiness because she won the race in the competition. Jess Aarons had given support to her that had she did, and Leslie Burke smiled back to him to respond it back.
Others her respected also can be looked from: "She took note of Leslie and asked for an introduction, which one of the girls prissily gave. Then she smiled at Leslie, and Leslie smiled back the first time Jess could remember seeing Leslie smile since she won the race on Tuesday. "What do you like to sing, Leslie?" (Paterson, 2001: 32) From the story above described Leslie Burke was giving a broad smile on her tanned face to other people before she started to run as if gave sportifitas in the champion.
"We need a place," she said, "just for us. It would be so secret that we would never tell anyone in the whole world about it." Jess came swinging back and dragged his feet to stop. She lowered her voice almost to a whisper. "It might be a whole secret country," she continued, "and you and I would be the rulers of it." (Paterson, 2001: 42) The quotation above also explains how they saved something secret to other people. Therefore, among them had to respect what they did. In addition, it would be the rulers of the place (Terabithia).

Giving hope to others
Hope is the belief in a positive outcome related to events and circumstances in one's life. In other words, hope is a feeling of optimistic feelings in a negative or falling situation to overcome it in success.
Jess Aarons is Leslie's friend.
He wants to be a friend in every condition to her. He hopes anything very much just his friend. Their friendship had taught them some valuable lessons. It can be looked at the following quotation: "She probably was. Jess wouldn't argue that, but he saw her as a beautiful wild creature who had been caught for a moment in that dirty old cage of a schoolhouse, perhaps by mistake. But he hoped, he prayed, she'd never get loose and fly away." (Paterson, 2001: 13) Someday, Leslie Burke got an opponent from other students by her mistake, but she would not argue that. Jess who knew that hope and prayed her never to get loose and fly away for her. The quotation from the story above shows that Jess Aarons has a hopefulness to her condition. "Leslie could always come up with something funny that made the long days bearable. Often the joke was on Mrs Myers. Leslie was one of those people who sat quietly at her desk, never whispering or daydreaming or chewing gum, doing beautiful schoolwork, and yet her brain was so full of mischief that if the teacher could have once seen through that mask of perfection, she would have thrown her out in horror." (Paterson, 2001: 46-47) From the quotation above,

Leslie Burke made the life of Jess
Aarons more beautiful and colourful by her joke. She always came up with something different from others, it was something funny that she made at a long time. She always did something beautifully to her friends or teacher.

Inspiring others
Imagination is the ability to create pictures in your mind (Hornby: 675 "Jess and Leslie turned and ran up over the empty field behind the old Perkins place and down to the dry creek bed that separated farmland from the woods. There was an old crab apple tree there, just at the bank of the creek bed, from which someone long has forgotten had hung a rope. They took turns swinging across the gully on the rope." (Paterson, 2001: 42) The illustration above is taken when they thought about it, and they tried to find the place that they imagined themselves to be a king and queen into Terabithia. They did it themselves. This action showed that they have begun to think about her future life, and they want to get better in their life. They also used their active imagination to invent ways to deal with every problem they got.

CONCLUSION
The researcher concludes as follows:

Caring other done by Jess
Aarons and Leslie Burke. They This novel also taught the reader how to live in care feeling, friendship, helpful, respectful, and so on.