PENGARUH KOMPOSISI MEDIA KULTUR TERHADAP INDUKSI KALUS KOPI ARABIKA ANDUNGSARI 1 (Coffea arabica L.)

Abstract

Abstract

Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) has several recommended superior varieties, one of which is the Andungsari 1 variety. The composition of tissue culture media plays an important role in influencing callus induction time, percentage of callus formation, callus color, callus type, callus area, and fresh weight of callus. This study aimed to determine the most suitable culture medium for inducing primary callus in Arabica coffee Andungsari 1. The research was conducted for three months at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory of the State Polytechnic of Jember. Young leaves of Arabica coffee Andungsari 1 were used as explants. The experiment employed a Completely Randomized Design with four media composition treatments, namely: (1) MS 0, (2) full-strength MS supplemented with 1 ppm 2,4-D, (3) half-strength MS supplemented with 1 ppm 2,4-D, and (4) quarter-strength MS supplemented with 1 ppm 2,4-D. Each treatment was replicated five times. The results showed that MS 0 medium was unable to induce callus formation. The half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1 ppm 2,4-D induced callus formation most rapidly, occurring at 15 days after planting. Half-strength MS + 1 ppm 2,4-D and full-strength MS + 1 ppm 2,4-D were the most effective media for callus formation based on callus color, callus type, callus area, and callus fresh weight.

Kata kunci: Callus, Arabica coffee, tissue culture, culture media modification, MS media

Abstrak

Kopi arabika (Coffea arabica L.) memiliki sejumlah varietas unggul yang direkomendasikan untuk dibudidayakan, salah satunya adalah varietas Andungsari 1. Komposisi media pada kultur jaringan diketahui berpengaruh terhadap waktu pembentukan kalus, persentase terbentuknya kalus, karakter warna dan tipe kalus, luas kalus, serta bobot basah kalus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan jenis media yang paling efektif dalam menginduksi kalus primer pada kopi Arabika varietas Andungsari 1. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama tiga bulan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Tanaman Politeknik Negeri Jember. Eksplan yang digunakan berupa daun muda kopi Arabika varietas Andungsari 1. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan empat perlakuan komposisi media, yaitu: 1) MS 0; 2) Full MS + 1ppm 2,4-D; 3) ½ MS+1ppm 2,4-D; 4) ¼ MS+1ppm 2,4-D dengan masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak lima kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media MS 0 tidak mampu menginduksi pembentukan kalus. Media ½ MS + 1 ppm 2,4-D menghasilkan pembentukan kalus paling cepat, yaitu pada umur 15 hari setelah tanam. Media ½ MS + 1 ppm 2,4-D serta media Full MS + 1 ppm 2,4-D merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam pembentukan kalus berdasarkan parameter warna kalus, tipe kalus, luas kalus, dan bobot basah kalus.

Kata kunci: Kalus, kopi arabika, kultur jaringan, modifikasi media kultur, media MS